Bitcoin's Environmental Impact

The real-world cost of "digital gold"

Bitcoin's proof-of-work turns electricity into security-and emissions. When we invest, trade, or build on it, we amplify a signal that draws more power from real grids in real towns.

≈ 11,000,000 cars/year  Â·  ≈ 132,000 t CO2/day

100+ TWh estimated annual electricity use

≈ 11M gasoline cars' yearly emissions - equivalent

≈ 132k/day CO2 tons

~1% share of global electricity (order-of-magnitude)

What that energy use really means

Proof-of-work rewards raw computation. When price climbs, rigs multiply-and the marginal power that meets new demand isn't always clean. The result is heavier grids, higher local prices, and emissions you can neither see nor opt out of.

  • Large mining sites can spike local electricity costs and strain infrastructure.
  • ASIC upgrades create a growing stream of e-waste.
  • Speculative cycles pull in more miners-amplifying demand at the worst moments.

Power plant with cooling towers under a pale sky

Myths we like to tell ourselves

"It's all renewable now."
Some miners use renewables, which is good. But mining follows cheap power-not purity. When fossil energy is cheaper or more available, hardware moves and the average mix shifts.

"Transactions don't add emissions-I'm just holding."
Security budgets scale with price and attention. Investing, speculating, and advocacy strengthen mining incentives, indirectly increasing energy demand even if you never send a transaction.

"Offsets make it fine."
Quality offsets help, but they don't fix local air pollution or grid stress-and not all credits are equal. The cleanest impact is demand avoided in the first place.

Impact, made visible

Bitcoin's daily CO2 emissions - ≈ 132,000 tons/day

0150,000 t/day scale


Bitcoin's annual car equivalent

11,000,000 cars/year (1 square = 100,000 cars)
each square ≈ 100,000 cars

Bitcoin's share of global electricity

Bitcoin uses 1 percent of the worlds energy consumption!

Seen and felt-not just numbers

Where energy meets air, cities, and the natural world we share.

White-lit server racks in a data hall

Endless racks, endless watts

City skyline with light haze

Pollution is real

Forest canopy pierced by sunlight

What we protect

Wind turbines on a ridge at golden hour